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官方教學 - 搜尋與分頁

起始手續​

先在 /dashboard/invoices/page.tsx 添加下列內容：

/dashboard/invoices/page.tsx
import Pagination from '@/app/ui/invoices/pagination';
import Search from '@/app/ui/search';
import Table from '@/app/ui/invoices/table';
import { CreateInvoice } from '@/app/ui/invoices/buttons';
import { lusitana } from '@/app/ui/fonts';
import { InvoicesTableSkeleton } from '@/app/ui/skeletons';
import { Suspense } from 'react';
 
export default async function Page() {
  return (
    <div className="w-full">
      <div className="flex w-full items-center justify-between">
        <h1 className={`${lusitana.className} text-2xl`}>Invoices</h1>
      </div>
      <div className="mt-4 flex items-center justify-between gap-2 md:mt-8">
        <Search placeholder="Search invoices..." />
        <CreateInvoice />
      </div>
      {/*  <Suspense key={query + currentPage} fallback={<InvoicesTableSkeleton />}>
        <Table query={query} currentPage={currentPage} />
      </Suspense> */}
      <div className="mt-5 flex w-full justify-center">
        {/* <Pagination totalPages={totalPages} /> */}
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

新增搜尋功能​

主要會需要用到三個 hook：

  • useSearchParams：允許訪問當前 URL 的參數。/dashboard/invoices?page=1&query=pending 的搜索參數看起來會是這樣：{page: '1', query: 'pending'}。
  • usePathname - 允許讀取當前 URL 的路徑名。例如，/dashboard/invoices，usePathname 會返回 /dashboard/invoices。
  • useRouter - 允許在客戶端組件內程式化地導航到不同路徑。

Step1- 捕獲使用者的輸入內容​

在 /app/ui/search.tsx 這個元件中，可以觀察到元件使用 'use client' 定義為一個 client component，因為只有 client component 才可以添加事件監聽器與使用 hook。
接下來就是修改 <Search> 這個元件：

'use client';
 
import { MagnifyingGlassIcon } from '@heroicons/react/24/outline';
 
export default function Search({ placeholder }: { placeholder: string }) {
  function handleSearch(term: string) {
    console.log(term);
  }
 
  return (
    <div className="relative flex flex-1 flex-shrink-0">
      <label htmlFor="search" className="sr-only">
        Search
      </label>
      <input
        className="peer block w-full rounded-md border border-gray-200 py-[9px] pl-10 text-sm outline-2 placeholder:text-gray-500"
        placeholder={placeholder}
        onChange={(e) => {
          handleSearch(e.target.value);
        }}
      />
      <MagnifyingGlassIcon className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 h-[18px] w-[18px] -translate-y-1/2 text-gray-500 peer-focus:text-gray-900" />
    </div>
  );
}

這樣即可再 dev tool 中看到在輸入框輸入的內容。

隨著搜尋參數更新路由​

  1. 使用 useSearchParams 捕獲搜尋參數。
  2. 使用 useRouter 跟 usePathname 來更新 URL。
/app/ui/search.tsx
'use client';
 
import { MagnifyingGlassIcon } from '@heroicons/react/24/outline';
import { useSearchParams, usePathname, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
 
export default function Search() {
  const searchParams = useSearchParams();
  const pathname = usePathname();
  const { replace } = useRouter();
 
  function handleSearch(term: string) {
    const params = new URLSearchParams(searchParams);
    if (term) {
      params.set('query', term);
    } else {
      params.delete('query');
    }
    replace(`${pathname}?${params.toString()}`);
  }
}

讓輸入欄位的值跟路由保持同步​

即當把帶搜尋參數的 URL 給其他人時，其他人進到頁面仍然可以在輸入欄位上看到該關鍵字，所以重點就是把搜尋參數設為輸入欄位的預設值即可。

<input
  className="peer block w-full rounded-md border border-gray-200 py-[9px] pl-10 text-sm outline-2 placeholder:text-gray-500"
  placeholder={placeholder}
  onChange={(e) => {
    handleSearch(e.target.value);
  }}
  defaultValue={searchParams.get('query')?.toString()}
/>

透過搜尋參數更新表格渲染​

/app/dashboard/invoices/page.tsx
import Pagination from '@/app/ui/invoices/pagination';
import Search from '@/app/ui/search';
import Table from '@/app/ui/invoices/table';
import { CreateInvoice } from '@/app/ui/invoices/buttons';
import { lusitana } from '@/app/ui/fonts';
import { Suspense } from 'react';
import { InvoicesTableSkeleton } from '@/app/ui/skeletons';
export default async function Page({
  searchParams,
}: {
  searchParams?: {
    query?: string;
    page?: string;
  };
}) {
  const query = searchParams?.query || '';
  const currentPage = Number(searchParams?.page) || 1;
  return (
    <div className="w-full">
      <div className="flex w-full items-center justify-between">
        <h1 className={`${lusitana.className} text-2xl`}>Invoices</h1>
      </div>
      <div className="mt-4 flex items-center justify-between gap-2 md:mt-8">
        <Search placeholder="Search invoices..." />
        <CreateInvoice />
      </div>
      {/* highlight-styart */}
      <Suspense key={query + currentPage} fallback={<InvoicesTableSkeleton />}>
        <Table query={query} currentPage={currentPage} />
      </Suspense>
      <div className="mt-5 flex w-full justify-center">
        {/* <Pagination totalPages={totalPages} /> */}
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

Debouncing​

原先的查詢功能是隨著在輸入框輸入一個字符就像資料庫查詢一次，這在大型專案中會造成效能的下降，而 debouncing 就是用來限制這個功能的觸發頻率。
以官方例子，就是在 300ms 後才自動觸發搜尋。

  1. 先安裝 use-debounce：
npm i use-debounce
  1. 使用 useDebouncedCallback 來製作 debouncing
/app/ui/search.tsx
// ...
import { useDebouncedCallback } from 'use-debounce';
 
// Inside the Search Component...
const handleSearch = useDebouncedCallback((term) => {
  console.log(`Searching... ${term}`);
 
  const params = new URLSearchParams(searchParams);
  if (term) {
    params.set('query', term);
  } else {
    params.delete('query');
  }
  replace(`${pathname}?${params.toString()}`);
}, 300);

新增分頁 (pagination)​

  1. 因為 <Pagination/> 是 client component，在裡面做資料獲取其實容易洩漏資訊，故比較好的做法是在 server component 先抓資料再 props 給子元件。
/app/dashboard/invoices/page.tsx
// ...
import { fetchInvoicesPages } from '@/app/lib/data';
 
export default async function Page({
  searchParams,
}: {
  searchParams?: {
    query?: string,
    page?: string,
  },
}) {
  const query = searchParams?.query || '';
  const currentPage = Number(searchParams?.page) || 1;
 
  const totalPages = await fetchInvoicesPages(query);
 
  return (
    <div className="w-full">
      <div className="flex w-full items-center justify-between">
        <h1 className={`${lusitana.className} text-2xl`}>Invoices</h1>
      </div>
      <div className="mt-4 flex items-center justify-between gap-2 md:mt-8">
        <Search placeholder="Search invoices..." />
        <CreateInvoice />
      </div>
      <Suspense key={query + currentPage} fallback={<InvoicesTableSkeleton />}>
        <Table query={query} currentPage={currentPage} />
      </Suspense>
      <div className="mt-5 flex w-full justify-center">
        <Pagination totalPages={totalPages} />
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}
  1. 到 <Pagination/> 中引用 usePathname 跟 useSearchParams，這是用來取得搜尋參數和現正瀏覽的頁面路由：
/app/ui/invoices/pagination.tsx
'use client';
 
import { ArrowLeftIcon, ArrowRightIcon } from '@heroicons/react/24/outline';
import clsx from 'clsx';
import Link from 'next/link';
import { generatePagination } from '@/app/lib/utils';
import { usePathname, useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
 
export default function Pagination({ totalPages }: { totalPages: number }) {
  const pathname = usePathname();
  const searchParams = useSearchParams();
  const currentPage = Number(searchParams.get('page')) || 1;
 
  const createPageURL = (pageNumber: number | string) => {
    const params = new URLSearchParams(searchParams);
    params.set('page', pageNumber.toString());
    return `${pathname}?${params.toString()}`;
  };
  // ...
}
  1. 想要每次使用者輸入新的搜尋參數都讓分頁從一開始：
/app/ui/search.tsx
'use client';
 
import { MagnifyingGlassIcon } from '@heroicons/react/24/outline';
import { usePathname, useRouter, useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
import { useDebouncedCallback } from 'use-debounce';
 
export default function Search({ placeholder }: { placeholder: string }) {
  const searchParams = useSearchParams();
  const { replace } = useRouter();
  const pathname = usePathname();
 
  const handleSearch = useDebouncedCallback((term) => {
    const params = new URLSearchParams(searchParams);
    params.set('page', '1');
    if (term) {
      params.set('query', term);
    } else {
      params.delete('query');
    }
    replace(`${pathname}?${params.toString()}`);
  }, 300);
}
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