Next - 專案初始化

初始化專案

1. 安裝 Next.js

pnpm dlx create-next-app@latest

2. 安裝依賴套件

pnpm install

3. 啟動專案

pnpm run dev

warning

注意一下喔，Docusaurus 的專案啟動關鍵字是傳統 React 的 start，但 Next 的專案啟動關鍵字跟 Nuxt3 一樣是 dev。

tip

現在很多人都很愛用 SCSS 來寫 CSS，所以需要的話請額外安裝：

p​npm install sass

---

安裝 Tailwind CSS 跟 Eslint

跟 vue 的 Nuxt3 不一樣，Next.js 不需要自己安裝 Tailwind CSS 跟 Eslint，在初始化專案時就會詢問是否要安裝。

What is your project named? my-app
Would you like to use TypeScript? No / Yes
Would you like to use ESLint? No / Yes
Would you like to use Tailwind CSS? No / Yes
Would you like to use `src/` directory? No / Yes
Would you like to use App Router? (recommended) No / Yes
Would you like to customize the default import alias (@/*)? No / Yes
What import alias would you like configured? @/*

---

安裝 Prettier

1. 安裝 Prettier 跟插件：
   • prettier: 主要的代碼格式化工具。
   • prettier-plugin-tailwindcss: 整合Tailwind CSS。
   • eslint-config-prettier: 關閉所有不必要或可能與 Prettier 衝突的ESLint規則。
   • eslint-plugin-prettier: 將Prettier作為ESLint規則運行。

pnpm install -D prettier prettier-plugin-tailwindcss eslint-config-prettier eslint-plugin-prettier

2. 建立 .prettierrc.cjs 檔案：

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    'prettier-plugin-tailwindcss'
  ],
  printWidth: 80,
  semi: false,
  singleQuote: true,
  trailingComma: 'none',
  bracketSpacing: true,
  arrowParens: "always",
  bracketSameLine: false,
  endOfLine: "auto",
  htmlFormat: "auto",
  javascriptFormat: "auto",
}

3. 前往 .eslintrc.json 檔案，加入 Prettier 設定：

{
  "extends": ["next/core-web-vitals", "prettier"],
  "plugins": ["prettier"],
  "rules": {
    "prettier/prettier": "error"
  }
}

---

Stylelint

1. 安裝 Stylelint：

pnpm install --save-dev stylelint stylelint-config-standard

2. 安裝 SCSS 規範：

pnpm install --save-dev stylelint-config-standard-scss stylelint-order postcss postcss-scss postcss-html

3. root 下建立 .stylelintrc.cjs 並輸入：

完整配置

module.exports = {
  extends: [
    "stylelint-config-standard",
    'stylelint-config-standard-scss'
  ],
  plugins: [
    'stylelint-order'
  ],
  "fix": true, // 自動修復
  overrides: [
    {
      files: [ '*.scss', '**/*.scss'],
      rules: {
        'scss/no-global-function-names': null // 關閉 scss 全域函式名稱檢查
      }
    }
  ],
  rules: {
    'unit-allowed-list': [ 'em', 'rem', 'deg', 'px', 'vh', 'vw', '%', 's', 'ms', 'fr' ],
    'order/properties-order': [
      'position',
      'top',
      'bottom',
      'right',
      'left',
      'display',
      'align-items',
      'justify-content',
      'float',
      'clear',
      'overflow',
      'overflow-x',
      'overflow-y',
      'margin',
      'margin-top',
      'margin-right',
      'margin-bottom',
      'margin-left',
      'padding',
      'padding-top',
      'padding-right',
      'padding-bottom',
      'padding-left',
      'width',
      'min-width',
      'max-width',
      'height',
      'min-height',
      'max-height',
      'font-size',
      'font-family',
      'font-weight',
      'text-align',
      'text-justify',
      'text-indent',
      'text-overflow',
      'text-decoration',
      'white-space',
      'color',
      'background',
      'background-position',
      'background-repeat',
      'background-size',
      'background-color',
      'background-clip',
      'border',
      'border-style',
      'border-width',
      'border-color',
      'border-top-style',
      'border-top-width',
      'border-top-color',
      'border-right-style',
      'border-right-width',
      'border-right-color',
      'border-bottom-style',
      'border-bottom-width',
      'border-bottom-color',
      'border-left-style',
      'border-left-width',
      'border-left-color',
      'border-radius',
      'opacity',
      'filter',
      'list-style',
      'outline',
      'visibility',
      'z-index',
      'box-shadow',
      'text-shadow',
      'resize',
      'transition'
    ]
  }
}

---

Redux - 全域狀態管理

1. Install

pnpm add @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux

2. Define Root State and Dispatch Types 資料夾結構如下：

---| app
---| lib
------| store.ts

lib/store.ts

import { configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

export const makeStore = () => {
  return configureStore({
    reducer: {}
  })
}

// Infer the type of makeStore
export type AppStore = ReturnType<typeof makeStore>
// Infer the `RootState` and `AppDispatch` types from the store itself
export type RootState = ReturnType<AppStore['getState']>
export type AppDispatch = AppStore['dispatch']

3. Define Typed Hooks 為了之後方便使用上述定義的型別，需要再進行下列配置：

lib/hooks.ts

import { useDispatch, useSelector, useStore } from 'react-redux'
import type { AppDispatch, AppStore, RootState } from './store'
// Use throughout your app instead of plain `useDispatch` and `useSelector`
export const useAppDispatch = useDispatch.withTypes<AppDispatch>()
export const useAppSelector = useSelector.withTypes<RootState>()
export const useAppStore = useStore.withTypes<AppStore>()

4. Providing the Store

app/StoreProvider.tsx

'use client'
import { useRef } from 'react'
import { Provider } from 'react-redux'
import { makeStore, AppStore } from '../lib/store'

export default function StoreProvider({
  children
}: {
  children: React.ReactNode
}) {
  const storeRef = useRef<AppStore>()
  if (!storeRef.current) {
    // Create the store instance the first time this renders
    storeRef.current = makeStore()
  }

  return <Provider store={storeRef.current}>{children}</Provider>
}

5. Include the StoreProvider 舉例來說，可以在全局 layout 配置 StoreProvider 以共享 store 狀態，或單獨使用在需要使用特定 store 的特定組件上。

/app/layout.tsx

import type { Metadata } from "next";
import { Inter } from "next/font/google";
import "./globals.css";
import StoreProvider from "./StoreProvider";

const inter = Inter({ subsets: ["latin"] });

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: "Create Next App",
  description: "Generated by create next app",
};

export default function RootLayout({
  children,
}: Readonly<{
  children: React.ReactNode;
}>) {
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <body className={inter.className}>
        <StoreProvider>
          {children}
        </StoreProvider>
      </body>
    </html>
  );
}

6. Create a Redux State Slice 資料夾結構如下：

---| lib
------| features
---------| counter
------------| counterSlice.ts

/lib/features/counter/counterSlice.ts

import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

export const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: {
    value: 0
  },
  reducers: {
    increment: state => {
      // Redux Toolkit allows us to write "mutating" logic in reducers. It
      // doesn't actually mutate the state because it uses the Immer library,
      // which detects changes to a "draft state" and produces a brand new
      // immutable state based off those changes
      state.value += 1
    },
    decrement: state => {
      state.value -= 1
    },
    incrementByAmount: (state, action) => {
      state.value += action.payload
    }
  }
})

// Action creators are generated for each case reducer function
export const { increment, decrement, incrementByAmount } = counterSlice.actions

export default counterSlice.reducer

7. Add Slice Reducers to the Store

lib/store.ts

import { configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'
import counterReducer from './features/counter/counterSlice'

export default configureStore({
  reducer: {
    counter: counterReducer
  }
})

8. Use Redux State and Actions in React Components 資料夾結構：

---| app
------| /app/page.tsx
------| display

/app/page.tsx

'use client'

import Link from 'next/link';
import { useAppSelector, useAppDispatch } from '../lib/hooks'
import { decrement, increment } from '@/lib/features/counter/counterSlice';

export default function Home() {
  const count = useAppSelector((state) => state.counter.value)
  const dispatch = useAppDispatch()
  return (
    <main className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-between p-24">
      <div className="z-10 w-full max-w-5xl items-center justify-between font-mono text-sm lg:flex">
      <button
          aria-label="Increment value"
          onClick={() => dispatch(increment())}
        >
          Increment
        </button>
        <span>{count}</span>
        <button
          aria-label="Decrement value"
          onClick={() => dispatch(decrement())}
        >
          Decrement
        </button>
        <Link href="/display">
          <p>Display Page</p>
        </Link>
      </div>
    </main>
  );
}

/app/display/page.tsx

'use client'

import { useAppSelector, useAppDispatch } from '@/lib/hooks'
import Link from 'next/link'


export default function Page(){
  const count = useAppSelector((state) => state.counter.value)
  console.log(count)
  const dispatch = useAppDispatch()
  return (
    <main className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-between p-24">
      <p>Here is the number change from Home page</p>
      <p>{count}</p>
      <Link href="/">
        <p>Home Page</p>
      </Link>
    </main>
  )
}

---

安裝 NextUI

pnpm add @nextui-org/react framer-motion

1. Tailwind CSS Setup

tailwind.config.js

// tailwind.config.js
import {nextui} from "@nextui-org/react";

/** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
const config = {
  content: [
    // ...
    "./node_modules/@nextui-org/theme/dist/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}"
  ],
  theme: {
    extend: {},
  },
  darkMode: "class",
  plugins: [nextui()]
}

export default config;

2. Setup Provider 建立 app/providers.tsx：

app/providers.tsx

// app/providers.tsx
'use client'

import {NextUIProvider} from '@nextui-org/react'

export function Providers({children}: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <NextUIProvider>
      {children}
    </NextUIProvider>
  )
}

3. Add Provider to Root

app/layout.tsx

// app/layout.tsx
import {Providers} from "./providers";

export default function RootLayout({children}: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <html lang="en" className='dark'>
      <body>
        <Providers>
          {children}
        </Providers>
      </body>
    </html>
  );
}

4. Setup pnpm (optional) 使用 pnpm 需要額外進行此項設定：

.npmrc

public-hoist-pattern[]=*@nextui-org/*

5. 設定完成，嘗試使用

app/page.tsx

// app/page.tsx
import { Button } from '@nextui-org/button'

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <main className="flex min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-between p-24">
      <div>
        <Button>Click me</Button>
      </div>
    </main>
  )
}

warning

如果出現這個錯誤：找不到模組 '@nextui-org/button' 或其對應的型別宣告，可以嘗試再一次 pnpm install。